The relations between the peak front surface blow off velocity, specific mass loss and incident fluence and electron energy for aluminum are discussed.

讨论了波的传播规律，并给出了铝材迎光面反冲速度峰值及比质量亏损与电子束的入射通量和能量之间的关系。

youdao

Ice energy 'batteries in off-peak (low energy cost) periods use copper coils filled with cold refrigerant to create ice from the homeowner's regular tap water.

Ice Energy公司的电池在非用电高峰期(此时耗能成本低)时可借助注满冷凝剂的铜线圈，将用户家的普通自来水冷冻成冰。

youdao

A new controllable diminutive steam raising system is developed which USES heat storage to absorb the off-peak electric energy and to heat water into vapor when needed.

提出了一种新型的可控小型蒸汽产生系统。利用低谷电能加热蓄热室的蓄热体，需要时利用蓄热体的热能加热水来产生蒸汽。为了提高换热效率采用直接接触换热。

youdao

Solar power and other renewable energy sources can augment off-peak use too, further reducing energy costs.

ENGADGET

Consequently, utilities in many parts of the country offer reduced energy rates for off-peak usage as a way to incentivize customers to shift their usage patterns to nighttime or early-morning hours.

ENGADGET: Ford teams up with Eaton, Whirlpool and SunPower to create MyEnergi Lifestyle, hopes to reduce everyone's CO2 footprint

Smart meters will better inform consumers of their energy consumption and increase off-peak tariff usage.

BBC: Which? warns of energy smart meter 'fiasco'