While benchmarking, as a tool of obtaining competitive advantage for enterprises, has offered a new type of means for universities to promote their competitiveness.

基准优化作为一种现代管理工具，它既是企业获得竞争优势的利器，也是大学全面提升竞争力的一种新型手段。

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The education ministry, meanwhile, has been encouraging graduate studies at Japan's public universities, with the promise of funding for a new type of professional graduate school.

ECONOMIST: Business studies in Japan