The standard's global deployment is pervasive, and the span of stakeholders in its ongoing development is sweeping, including network component and system manufacturers (optical transceivers, cabling, integrated circuit, powering devices, switches and network interface cards, for example) and network, software and bandwidth providers, as well as LAN and Internet users worldwide.

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Modem and network interface are included, too, along with a really noisy cooling fan.

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In addition we have seen the rise of huge data centers with thousands of individual servers containing two or more of these processors (each with two to six cores), but they are interconnected through switches and network interface cards that have not scaled along with the processor performance.

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