All wave energy changes polarity from positive to negative with each cycle of the wave.
所有的波浪能量变化的极性从积极的消极每个周期的浪潮。
Analytical expressions of coupling frequencies of Raman free-electron lasers are deduced based on the physical image of the coupling between negative-energy space-charge wave and EM wave.
从负能空间电荷波与电磁波耦合的物理图像出发推导了喇曼散射模式自由电子激光器耦合频率的解析表达式。
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