...）、中间件（middleware）、说明性规约（declarative specification）、抽象（abstraction）、多层系统（multi-tiered systems）企业应用整合（Enterprise Application Integration）以及契约式设计（design by contract）。
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multi-tiered systems
多层系统
以上为机器翻译结果，长、整句建议使用 人工翻译 。
Memories of dual or multi-tiered exchange systems are limited, as they are fortunately relics of the distant past.
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Similar to the practice of multi-million dollar enterprise systems, WD's hybrid technology utilizes the concept of tiered storage.
ENGADGET: Western Digital builds 5mm-thick hybrid hard drive, Ultrabook makers sign on early
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