But it's not just awkwardness-doctors now know that teenagers' body clocks go through a shift during puberty, meaning they find it hard to sleep before 11 p.m. and hard to wake in the morning.

但这并不尴尬——现在医生知道青少年的生物钟在青春期会经历一个转变，也就是说他们发现晚上11点之前很难入睡，而早晨的时候又很难醒来。

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For the word speed, for example, a past-tense change from sped to speeded may have been accelerated by a shift in the word's meaning from "to move rapidly" towards "to exceed the speed limit."

例如speed，它的过去式从sped变为speeded，这可能是因为该单词的意义由“快速移动”到“加速”的转变。

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But in other ways a shift would have real meaning.

但在另外的方面，债务转移有其实际的意义。

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But he says the slightly unusual thing about literally is its meaning has not evolved slowly, with a slight shift, but the precise meaning has been reversed.

BBC: Why is 'literally' such a troublesome word?

Liddy is stepping down in January (he will remain as chairman), to be succeeded as chief executive by kindred spirit Wilson, meaning any large strategic shift is unlikely.

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But the British Medical Association warns doctors can spend longer at the hospital site because of the way their shift patterns are designed, meaning they might not get the rest they need before going back on to the wards.

BBC: NEWS | Health | Cocktail effect of doctors' hours