In the first part, the paper probes the meaning of learning approaches.

在第一部分，论文探讨了学习方式的内涵。

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The first chapter is on the history of existentialism meaning of learning.

论文第一章是学习的生存论意义的历史演化。

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The second chapter is contemporary ideas on existentialism meaning of learning.

第二章是当代关于学习的生存论意义的基本观点。

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And what this is in a very general sense is the learning of an association between one stimulus and another stimulus, where stimulus is a technical term meaning events in the environment like a certain smell or sound or sight.

一般来说,经典条件作用是指在一个刺激,和另一个刺激之间形成联结，这里的刺激是一个专业术语,意思是环境中出现的事件,比如某种味道，声音或景观。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

From his rejection of the distinction between fact and meaning flowed a system of ideas about experience, translation, learning, understanding and the notions of necessity and possibility.

ECONOMIST: Willard Quine