The special nature of the hierarchy provides an environment in which contract re-negotiation, renewal, and dispute resolution are much easier than in the market environment.

和市场环境相比，层级制度的特性所提供的环境使得契约的再谈判、再签和争端解决变得更加容易。

youdao

First, the paper defines the conception of value chain governance. And analysis four types of governance model:hierarchy, arm's length market, quasi hierarchy and network.

本文首先界定了价值链治理的概念，分析了价值链层级型、市场型、网络型、半层级型治理模式的特点。

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In the modern firm and market theory, there are two kinds of fundamental economic organizations: hierarchy organization and market organization.

在现代企业与市场的经济理论中，层级组织和市场组织是两种最基本的经济组织形态。

youdao

Indeed, self-employment reflects the difference between the two most important decision-making procedures in the economy: the market and hierarchy.

FORBES: Happiness, Freedom, and Autonomy