Traditional network management architectures and platforms are centralized with the object-oriented management Information Base that are defined by standard organizations such as ISO, ITU-T and IETF.

传统的网络管理平台和体系结构主要基于面向对象的网络信息管理，其具体的实现主要由标准化组织如iso、ITU - T和IETF规范。

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"You need management that is comfortable giving up some say, and let's face it, human nature isn't all programmed that way, " says Ed Lawler, a management professor and director of the Center for Effective Organizations at the University of Southern California's Marshall School of Business.

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