Since then, technology advances such as object-oriented programming (OOP) have taken developers a long way from machine-level instructions and direct management of memory.

从那以后，诸如面向对象编程(OOP)这样的技术进步使得开发人员远离了机器指令和对内存的直接管理。

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Moving towards higher abstraction levels and languages, that mapping becomes one-to-many; the number of machine instructions generated from a design level construct rapidly increases.

移动到更高的抽象层次和语言上时，该映射成为一对多，由设计层构造所生成的机器指令的数量快速的增加。

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Early programming was done at the bare machine level, using machine code instructions.

早期的程序设计利用机器代码指令在裸机层次上完成。

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