It's harder to write inscrutable "clever" code, but it makes low-level operations like bit-manipulation more difficult.

虽然很难写出难以理解的“聪明”代码，它同时也使得一些低级操作，如位操作变得困难起来。

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In actuality, all such operations run through a kernel, which is full of components that relay messages between the machine's low-level hardware and higher-level programs.

事实上，这些运行工作都是通过一个核心部分，它是由很多可以在低端的硬件与高端的程序间转送信息的组件组成的。

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Developers use this pattern to separate low-level data access operations from high-level business logic. A typical DAO implementation has the following components.

开发人员用这种模式将底层数据访问操作与高层业务逻辑分离开。

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