To determine the efficacy and safety of ablation (catheter and surgical) in people with non-paroxysmal (persistent or long-standing persistent) atrial fibrillation compared to antiarrhythmic drugs.

比较消融术(导管和外科手术方法)与抗心律失常药物对非阵法性(持续性或长程持续性)房颤患者的疗效及安全性。

youdao

Patients with persistent AF also include patients with long-standing AF in whom cardioversion has not been indicated or attempted, often leading to permanent AF.

持续性房颤患者还有可能是没进行或尝试心脏复律治疗的长期房颤患者，通常会导致永久性房颤。

youdao

It is a region of complex ethnic divisions, within and between republics, and of long-standing but persistent grudges and rivalries.

ECONOMIST: Caucasian dominoes | The