As a special species of education and academic studies, the Chinese ancient academies of classical learning have close connection with "the spirit of freedom" of ancient literati.

书院是我国封建社会一种特殊的教育和学术研讨机构，它的繁荣兴盛与我国古文人的“自由精神”密切相关。

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The so-called literati of ancient China have become both the refined intellectuals of today who work in a variety of fields and those industrialists who maintain a spirit of intellectualism.

中国古代所谓的文人，在今日而言，就是各种领域内的高级知识分子，还有以知识起家的产业界人士。

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