This paper proposes a new estimating method which, for the first time. introduces reliability analysis into the life estimation of railway rails.

本文提出了一种新的钢轨疲劳寿命的可靠度估算方法，使可靠性分析第一次进入钢轨的寿命估算。

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The "Copper-flow analysis with time factor of the life cycle of copper products" method was expatiated, and the flows of copper in China were analyzed by using this method.

前言：介绍了“具有时间概念的铜产品生命周期铜流分析方法”，并运用这种方法分析了我国铜的流动状况。

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This paper presents right maintenance time of semi-rigid asphalt pavement through life-cycle cost analysis, which could make the least maintenance cost for manager and best surroundings for users.

通过全寿命周期分析方法，提出半刚性沥青路面最合适的养护时机，使所需养护维修费用最少，为道路使用者提供良好的通行环境。

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