Until 1790, each state had its own patent legislation and issued patents independently.

在 1790 年之前，各个州有自己的专利权法规，它们各自颁发专利。

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The improperly issued patent can be eliminated from patent monopoly by using patent invalidation system, thus the patent system only award innovation.

专利无效制度将不具备专利保护条件的错误授权剔除出专利权垄断的范围，使专利制度只奖励那些真正具有创造性的技术革新。

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The patent and Trademark Office has sided with the proponents and has issued thousands of patents on genes of various organisms, including on an estimated 20 percent of human genes.

专利及商标局一直站在支持者们那边，并且颁发了数千份关于各种生物基因的专利，包括估计20%的人类基因。

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Only the text of the claims in an issued patent can be enforced in court.

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Such a concept made its way out of LG HQ and into the hands of the United States Patent and Trademark Office, however, and three years after its submission date, the proposed device has returned to haunt the South Korean manufacturer, in the form of an issued patent.

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As one commentator noted, online selling of digital goods was well underway before the Patent Office issued the Sharing Sound patent.

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