It is justified that the integral of the gauge potential along path of not only electron but also scalar particle or spinor particle will contribute a geometric phase factor.

证明了规范场不仅沿入射电子在复连通区域运动路径的积分，而且还可沿入射标量或其他旋量粒子之一在复连通区域的运动路径积分，各自都将贡献一几何相因子。

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So, we do an integral over a path, dT for the heat capacity along that path, dT.

因此，我们沿着路径做一个积分，热容。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选