The virions are released by lysis of the host cell.

通过裂解，可以使新的病毒体从宿主细胞中释放出来。

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By this stage the host cell shows characteristic vacuolation and other cytopathic effects.

到此阶段，宿主细胞显示典型的空泡化和其它细胞病理效应。

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The proteins are used to create new cells or perform necessary functions within the host cell or organism.

这些蛋白质被用来制造新的细胞或在宿主细胞内或者生物体中执行必要的功能。

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Take a plasmid, cut it open, insert a gene that we want into the plasmid, and then put that plasmid in a host cell, and let the host replicate it.

取一个质粒,把它切开,把目标基因放进去,然后把这个质粒植入到宿主细胞,让宿主来进行复制

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, when the right signal is received, the right T-cell finds your host cell with a foreign virus in it, the first thing that happens is that this T-cell becomes activated and it starts reproducing, making more copies of itself.

所以 当接收到正确的信号,恰当的T细胞寻觅到,感染外源病毒的细胞时,首先发生的是,T细胞被激活并开始增殖,制造更多自身拷贝

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

That DNA gets replicated to make many more copies of the viral DNA using host mechanisms, that is, often using the DNA polymerase which is naturally present in the host cell for its own replication.

病毒DNA进行复制,通常是利用在宿主细胞自身的有关物质,利用宿主细胞中天然存在的,DNA聚合酶来大量复制病毒DNA

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It is capable of recognising the signature of cervical cancer and destroying the host cell when it is found.

ECONOMIST: DNA computing

DNA, which the host cell then unwittingly uses to make more viruses.

ECONOMIST: Nanotechnology in biology

And, as a bonus, it is the protein that locks on to the surface of a host cell before the virus enters it.

ECONOMIST: Recipes for an AIDS vaccine