In recent years, many organizations successively have established respective GIS system, gathered and saved the massive spatial data.

近年来，许多机构先后建立了各自的GIS系统，采集和存储了大量的空间数据。

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By successively disrupting these genes and seeing whether the microbe could stay alive, they have established what must be very close to the minimum set of molecular instructions to sustain life.

BBC: Is life just genes?