The property data of crude oil and its fraction is the basic data in design of petroleum refining technology. In the past these data were obtained by hand calculation or consulting tables and charts.
石油及其馏分的物性数据是石油炼制工艺设计的基础数据，以往常常采用手工计算或查阅有关图表获得。
This calculation, moreover, does not take into account the large supply of second-hand units held by investors, who are increasingly eager to dispose of their holdings.
这样的计算还未包括投资者手里大量待沽的二手房，他们非常迫切想要把自己手里的房产出手。
Hand calculation includes substitute rigid frame method under horizontal loads and moment distribution or decomposed storey method under vertical loads.
水平荷载作用下内力的计算用替代刚架法，竖直荷载作用下内力的计算可用弯矩分配法或分层法。
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