Reduced estimated GFR was the strongest predictor of end-stage renal disease in fully adjusted analysis, and estimated GFR modified the relationship between FGF-23 and risk of end-stage renal disease.

在经过充分校正的分析中，GF R估算值的下降是终末期肾病的最强的预测因子，而GF R估算值可修正FGF - 23与终末期肾病风险之间的关系。

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The difference in GFR between these patients and those who lived further away from traffic pollution was comparable to a reduction in GFR associated with being four years older, the researchers say.

BBC: Kidney problems linked to traffic fumes

The GFR is an indicator of how well the kidneys are working.

BBC: Kidney problems linked to traffic fumes

The study authors, Dr Murray Mittleman and colleagues at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, measured kidney function using a recognised test called the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

BBC: Kidney problems linked to traffic fumes