It's hardly clear that there is a causal relationship between optimism and health; it could be that they are related to the same underlying gene complex or set of mechanisms.

乐观的生活态度与健康之间是否有着因果关系尚难明确；有可能是相同的潜在基因综合体或者是某种生理结构使之然。

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HLA is the most polymorphic gene complex of all human genetic systems, play a key role in specific immune response, determine the heterogeneity of individual associated with disease.

HLA是迄今所知最为复杂的遗传多态性系统，是调控人体特异性免疫应答和决定疾病易感性个体差异的主要基因系统。

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The overall result of this is the loss of a putative anaphase promoting complex gene.

整体结果丢失了一个假定的后期促进复合基因。

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It does that through a complex set of sort of cellular interactions, and it turns out also gene rearrangements if you go further to study that.

而这此过程中,发生了一系列复杂的细胞间的相互作用,也会涉及到基因重排,如果你们深入学习的话就会学到

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

We'll talk about artificial organs and we'll talk about systems biology or thinking about how to acquire information for things like gene chips and use that information to understand what's happening in a complex organism like you.

我们会讨论到人造器官和系统生物学,并探讨如何从基因芯片中得到信息,并利用这些信息了解,人体作为一种复杂有机体的内在变化

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

On the side, he took part in an international workshop studying the human leukocyte antigen gene complex, which helps regulate the immune system.

FORBES: Magazine Article

If successful, this would be "the first example of a gene for a complex disease leading to a drug in the clinic, " says Stefansson.

FORBES: Magazine Article

The system is complex: Each gene is thought to produce, on average, five separate substances, mostly proteins, and these products interact with each other.

WSJ: Genes May Link Disparate Diseases