两个时间器与路由相关的计时器：时间到期(time out)、垃圾收集时间(garbage-collection time)。当时间到期的时间期满后，此路由则不再合法(valid)。
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What percentage of the total available CPU time is spent in garbage collection?
总的可用CPU时间用在垃圾收集上的百分比是多少？
There are several costs to card marking - additional space for the card map, additional work to be done on each pointer store, and additional work to be done at garbage collection time.
卡片标记有几项开销——卡片映射所需的额外空间、对每一个指针存储所做的额外工作，以及在垃圾收集时做的额外工作。
At garbage collection time, the mark bits associated with CARDS in the old generation are examined, and dirty CARDS are scanned for objects containing references into the younger generation.
在垃圾收集时，就对与老一代中卡片相关联的标记位进行检查，对脏的卡片扫描以寻找对年轻代有引用的对象。
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