When nuclear plants were designed, says Wald, regulators anticipated that spent fuel rods would sit in cooling water pools for five years and then be chemically processed and turned into plutonium.

沃尔德说，当一开始设计核电厂时，监管机构预计，乏燃料棒应该存放在冷却水池里，五年以后捞出来，再经过化学处理而转化为钸。

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Fluoride salts can carry fuel in chemically-stable forms that can be passively cooled without pumps driven by emergency power generation.

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So we have more complex processes and more waste at beginning of the Thorium fuel cycle with chemically toxic metals.

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They are working with the Farmwatch scheme in the Test Valley to introduce a liquid substance which can be added to fuel to "chemically tag" it.

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