Flow through fissures in rock mass applies simultaneously the normal hydrostatic seepage pressure and the tangent hauling force (the dynamic seepage pressure) on fissure walls.

渗流对裂隙网络岩体的作用力包括渗透静水压力和渗透动水压力(裂隙壁切向拖曳力)两部分。

youdao

Then, based on the CR formulation, the internal force vector and tangent stiffness matrix of large rotation and small strain space bar and plane beam element are deduced.

其次，基于CR列式法推导出了大旋转小应变空间杆单元及平面梁单元的内力矢量及切线刚度矩阵；

youdao