Vegetable prices rise during the journey from producer to consumer. The final selling price reflects the cost of packaging, transport and cold storage and traders' rents for market stalls.

在由菜农到消费者的环节中，蔬菜价格水涨船高。最终的售价体现了包装、运输、冷藏和街市摊位租金成本。

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By contrast, VAT is a tax which, although applying to each transaction in a supply chain, effectively only taxes the final price paid by the end-consumer.

与此不同，增值税虽然也对各个交易环节征收，但是实际上税负是由最终的消费者来负担的。

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TIPS, that is Treasury Inflation Protected Securities, offer fixed annual interest payments, but with TIPS the final repayment of principal varies with the Consumer Price Index.

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Each layer of distribution adds to the cost of goods thus eating into their already razor-thin margins, since all consumer goods sold in India have an MSRP which is the final price a customer is willing to pay.

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