There are two serious problems with case studies — expectancy effects and atypical individuals.
然而，案例分析法存在两大严重的缺陷，它容易受到期望效应以及非正常个体的影响。
Expectancy effects include the experimenter's underlying biases that might affect the actions taken while conducting research.
期望效应包括实验人员的潜在偏见，这将影响研究的执行。
Unlike other studies on health effects of alcohol consumption, this one sought to measure any extension in life expectancy, the researchers said.
不同于其它有关饮酒对健康影响的研究，该研究旨在探讨是否对平均寿命有所延长，研究人员如是说。
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