Marketing has been going on now for hundreds years. It stemmed from the western developed countries, appeared in the U. s. a at first, and spread to Europe, Japanese and other places later.

市场营销研究源于西方发达国家，它最早出现于美国，后来传播到欧洲和日本等地，至今已有百年历史。

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In fact, the declining populations in Europe, Japan and other developed countries are one of the few positive signs in an otherwise bleak planetary future.

ECONOMIST: Lack of ability

Many developed countries require a prescription for oral contraceptives, including Canada and most of Europe, but other countries sell the pill without a prescription even formally or informally.

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At the last count almost 30 countries mainly in Europe and other developed nations but also including Costa Rica, Kenya and India plus a number of municipal areas have launched sites.

WSJ: 'Open Data' Brings Potential and Perils for Government