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In fact, researchers said the "effect is so fast that it's equivalent to injecting the substance directly into the bloodstream," in findings described as a "stark warning" to those who smoke.

事实上，研究人员认为这项发现足以“严重警告”那些吸烟者，因为“这种损害的效果来得如此迅速，相当于直接将这些物质注射到血管内。”

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In effect, Mr Paulson engineered the equivalent of a half-point cut in interest rates targeted at the mortgage market.

实际上，这就是保尔森实现了对住房抵押市场降低利率半个百分点的目标。

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In the ECF analysis, the indirect effect of American cuts equivalent to those in the House legislation, via increased ambition elsewhere, is even more than the direct effect.

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The reduction in performance on these tasks associated with a 25-decibel hearing loss (classified as "mild") was equivalent to an ageing effect of seven years in cognitive abilities.

BBC: Viewpoint: Does deafness contribute to dementia?

In effect, Mr Paulson engineered the equivalent of a half-point cut in interest rates targeted at the mortgage market.

ECONOMIST: America��s economy