One way to create such short bursts of gamma rays is through the collision — and subsequent annihilation, as the mass of those particles converts into energy — of an electron and a positron.

制造伽马射线短脉冲的一种方法，是电子与正电子的碰撞——之后的湮灭，使粒子的质量转化为能量。

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Food is irradiated by brief exposure to X-rays, gamma rays or an electron beam.

食品通过短暂地暴露在x射线、γ射线或电子束来进行辐照杀菌。

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That means it lacks sufficient energy, like x-rays and gamma rays, to remove an electron from an atom or a molecule to make a charged particle that can damage DNA and biomolecules.

也就是说，微波辐射与X射线和伽玛射线不同，是不具有足够的能量的，从而不会使原子或分子失去电子而变成带电粒子，造成DNA及其它生命分子的损坏。

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Well, we can't guarantee with UV light we'll have enough energy to eject every single electron, so that's why when we use x-rays, they're higher energy, you can pretty much be guaranteed we're going to eject all of those electrons there.

好，我们不能保证紫外光有足够的能量,激发出每一个电子，所以我们要使用，X，射线，它的能量更高，你可以非常确定,我们可以激发出其中所有的电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

There is no way that you could irradiate a crystal of nickel with a single beam of x-rays and get that circular ring pattern if the electron beam were behaving as a particle beam only.

没有什么其他的途径,可以让镍晶体发射,单束X光来,继而得到环状图案,如果电子束,是以粒子束形式出现的。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

After that the industry will have to move on to nonoptical techniques, such as electron beams or even X rays, which have wavelengths less than 1 nanometer, or one-thousandth of a micron.

FORBES: Trick of the Light