Optimization of far infrared heating elements and design of electric furnaces using the elements are stated, and examples are given.

本文着重阐述了远红外加热元件的优选方法和电炉设计步骤，并列举了实例。

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Gas, oil and electric furnaces are commonly used for heat treating metals.

金属热处理常用煤气炉、油炉和电炉。

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Open hearth steelmaking, converter steelmaking, electric furnaces steelmaking, secondary steelmaking and stainless steelmaking in Japan are introduced.

介绍日本钢铁生产中平炉炼钢法、转炉炼钢法、电炉炼钢法、炉外精炼法、不锈钢精炼法。着重论述了连铸生产技术。

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On top of their lower labour costs, the mini-mills' electric-arc furnaces are much cheaper to build than iron-ore blast furnaces.

ECONOMIST: Steel: Rust never sleeps | The