By taking cluster effects into account, it USES the energy-minimization multi-scale model to improve the drag force between gas and solid.
采用欧拉双流体模型，运用计及颗粒团聚效应的能量最小多尺度模型改进气固相间曳力。
Nonlinearities induced by free surface effects and viscous drag force are also included in this model.
还包括自由表面效应、粘性力等因素引起的非线性。
This paper proposes a 3d turbulence model, introducing vegetation density and drag force to the control equations of water flow with vegetation.
建立三维湍流模型，在水流控制方程中加入植被阻力项和植被密度项来考虑刚性植物对水动力特性和泥沙输运特性的影响。
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