Eight restriction endonucleases were used to investigate mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms of takin, cattle, sheep, buffalo and goat in Bovidae.

用8种限制酶分析了种牛科动物，羚牛、黄牛、水牛、绵羊和山羊的线粒体dna的多态性。

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Some changes in DNA occur naturally and lead to no harmful effects; these changes in a population are called polymorphisms.

有些DNA的变化是自然发生的不会产生有害影响；这些在一个群体中的变化被称为多态性。

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Scientists identified 150 DNA sequence variations called single nucleotide polymorphisms among those 100 years old and above that may have contributed to their healthy aging.

科学家们辨认了那些百岁或超过百岁老人的150个不同的有助于健康老龄化的被称作单核甘酸多态性的DNA序列。

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It focused narrowly on areas in and around active genes, ignoring the 98.5% of genomic material known as "junk DNA." This process pinpointed 25, 000 genetic landmarks called SNPS (single nucleotide polymorphisms, or "snips"), places where a single dna letter varies from one person to the next.

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As a first step, the scientists examined half a million genetic markers in the participants' DNA. These markers, known as single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs, can together reveal how genetically similar people are, even though they are not conventionally related.

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But DNA chip technology for scanning these so-called single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs ("snips"), was prohibitively expensive in 2000.

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