The displacement damage effects due to Non-ionizing Energy Loss (NIEL) is one reason of device-malfunction in Space.

非电离能损(NIEL)引起的位移损伤效应是空间装置失效的原因之一。

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A new method, the stable defect method, is established to evaluate the displacement damage by energetic protons on CCDs.

建立了一套新的估算质子辐射位移损伤的方法——稳定缺陷方法。

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The displacement damage due to non-ionizing energy loss (NIEL) is the main reason of device-malfunction in spatial radiation environments.

非电离能损(NIEL)引起的位移损伤是导致空间辐射环境中新型光电器件失效的主要因素。

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It would be difficult to say exactly what caused the population displacement or who might be responsible for the damage from the images, according to the report.

BBC: Sri Lanka images 'prove damage'