Translation is no longer "translation for translation's sake", i. e. the purpose is not necessarily to produce another discourse equivalent to the original, but to reach the predetermined effect.
翻译工作不再是“为翻译而翻译”，即目标不一定是制造一个与原文对等的另一种语篇，而是在于达到预定的效果。
From the genealogical point of view, library science discourse has three families, i. e. technological library science, humanistic library science and institutional library science.
从谱系学的角度来看，图书馆学话语有三大族系，即技术图书馆学、人文图书馆学和制度图书馆学。
We argue that there is not only a shift from the formal approach to the semantic, functional approach, but also a shift of perspective, i. e. from the perspective of sentence to that of discourse.
回指研究历史不仅是从形式研究往功能、意义研究的转换史，而且是从句内回指往篇章回指的转换史。
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