No doubt, it has a directive effect on exploratory development of petroleum in China that predicts fracture character and distributive law in low permeability reservoirs.

系统开展低渗储层中裂缝特征和分布规律研究预测，无疑对我国的低渗透储层油气勘探开发具有指导作用。

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The Council of Ministers of the European Union approved a draft directive to that effect in June.

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The directive goes into effect upon publication Friday in the U.S. Federal Register.

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In Europe, where the flagship Data Protection Directive came into effect in 1995, before firms such as Google and Facebook were even founded, the European Commission is conducting a review of its privacy policies.

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