But gross margins take account only of the direct costs of production; they exclude selling, distribution, administrative and financial costs, which have all risen more slowly.

而且考虑到毛利润只计入了直接生产成本，却排除了销售、流通、管理及财务费用，因此实际利润增长率还要小的多。

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There are not only direct costs but also fixed and variable cost when calculating cost of production.

在产品成本中不仅仅包括直接费用， 而且还包括固定和变动间接费用。

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If wages are raised, there will be a direct 10% increase in production costs.

如果工资上涨，生产成本会直接上涨10%。

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M. resident, helped push a law giving studios a 15% rebate on their direct production costs in the state, applicable to the salaries of electricians--or big-budget stars.

FORBES: Stars in Their Eyes

Under HSTP the aim is to achieve structural efficiencies in three areas production, direct materials costs, and indirect costs, where current total costs are JPY 9 trillion (USD 113 billion).

FORBES: Connect

Many economists laud the market for its efficiency properties as free markets generally direct resources to their highest-valued ends while minimizing costs of production.

FORBES: The Greatest Thinker You've Never Read: Ludwig von Mises