利他的基础在于相互依存，而非竞争，并且利他是基于「直接适应（direct adaptation）的机制，而不是自然筛选。 [37]然而严复却不强调利他主义与相互依存。
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... chromatic adaptation [植]色适应 direct adaptation 直接适应作用,直接适... dark adaptation 暗适应 ...
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direct light adaptation 直接光适应
Therefore , the spiral arrangement is not likely to be the result of a direct adaptation to wind pollination .
因此，这种螺旋形安排不太可能是对风授粉的一种直接适应所带来的结果。
Deepa Mehta is to direct and co-write the adaptation with the author, and the film is expected to start production in 2010, it was announced in New York yesterday.
昨天纽约方面宣布，迪帕·梅塔(Deepa Mehta)将担任导演，并与作者合作剧本的改编。影片预计将于2010年开始拍摄。
Black is also working on an action project from Sony; and Warner Bros recently hired him to direct a live action adaptation of the Japanese manga series Death Note.
此外，布莱克还将与索尼合作一部动作片；华纳兄弟近期也聘请布莱克担当日本动漫《死亡笔记》真人版的导演。
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