Oil harms birds and Marine mammals by causing feathers and fur to lose their natural waterproof quality, which causes the animals to drown or die of cold.

原油使鸟类和海洋哺乳动物的羽毛和毛皮失去了自然的防水能力，结果导致动物淹死或冻死。

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"The water is obviously icy cold and people can die of hypothermia very quickly or drown if they are caught under the ice, " he said.

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Crabs and other marine invertebrates die when the water is too cold, because they cannot flush magnesium out of their systems.

CNN: Ice shelf collapse: What does it mean?

Deaths associated with immersion in cold water have been attributed to hypothermia, since many of those who die are judged to be competent swimmers.

BBC: Cold water increases drowning risk