The chemical potential from the fundamental equation up here is the derivative of a with respect to the number of particles.

化学势，从基本方程上说，就是A对N的偏导，因此对A取N偏导，因此化学势也能，用正则配分函数表示。

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Based on the theory of electron current collected by probe, that the maximum derivative of electron current with respect to probe potential corresponds with the plasma potential is presented.

根据探针收集电子流的理论，提出电子流对探针电位的一次微商的最大值对应着等离子体电位。

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Gravity gradient is the second order derivative of gravitational potential, which can be observed by satellite gradiometer.

重力梯度为重力位的二阶导数，可以通过星载梯度仪进行观测。

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To produce an unimaginative or derivative work of art, therefore, will not have as desirable an effect on potential partners.

ECONOMIST: Come up and see my etchings

Until more facts are known and some of the legal uncertainties are resolved, potential investors should recognize that buying Goldman shares is a lot like the derivative transaction at the heart of the SEC case: It's a speculative bet.

WSJ: COMMON SENSE: Buffett May Know More About Derivatives Than Securities Law