Since Chile introduced a fully funded, privately managed defined contribution scheme in 1981, some two dozens countries have converted a portion of their pension system to this arrangement.

自从智利在1981年引进了全基金式的、由私营部门管理的固定缴费方案之后，二十多个国家已经把它们的部分养老金方案转变为这种方案。

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They would also have hybrid plans, with part of the traditional defined-benefit pension replaced by a defined-contribution plan of the sort common in the private sector.

他们同时采取复合计划，即把部分传统的确定给付养老金形式替换为私营部门常见的养老金固定缴款计划。

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The effect would be a bit like changing from a defined-benefit pension to a defined-contribution one.

这样的效果有点像退休金从“确定收益”方案向“确定缴费”方案转变。 开支的节省由此而来——因为这一资助并不像如今的那样包罗万象。

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Standard Life said it was "well positioned to benefit from the ongoing shift from defined benefit to defined contribution pension provision" in the country.

BBC: Canadian boost for Standard Life

People with a 'defined contribution' pension can simply hold off on buying an annuity.

BBC: The pensioners who choose to work

It seems clear, though, that Americans have won more responsibility for their retirement portfolios as firms switch from defined-benefit pension plans to defined-contribution plans.

ECONOMIST: Ageing America