The risk can be reduced through four ways, namely establishing personal credit system, increasing default cost, revising repayment methods and strengthening policy support.

降低助学贷款金融风险，可通过建立个人信用体系，提高违约成本，修改还款方式、延长还款期限，以及加大政策支持力度四个途径来实现。

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THE cost of insuring Ireland's debt against default is now higher than insuring Argentina's.

拯救爱尔兰债务危机的代价现已高过拯救阿根廷的。

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In this case, the optimizer USES a generic rule or a default value to estimate an average cost by assuming normal data distribution.

在这种情况下，优化器会使用一个通用规则或者默认值以正常数据分布率来评估得到一个平均开销值。

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Mr. Van Dyk said local officials would have to make clear to bondholders their willingness to default if cost overruns or low ticket sales diminished returns from sports events.

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That means any Greek default would cost the ECB billions of euros in losses and potentially impact the value of the euro, disrupting European and international financial markets, and the conduct of European monetary policy.

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Also, according to the WSJ, there was "a related trade...allowing the bank to capture the premium between the cost of default protection ending in 2014 and the cost of protection ending in 2017".

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