It is based on a decision rights and management framework that includes the establishment of chains of authority, roles, controls, and so forth, for the four phases of the SOA life cycle.

它建立在决策权和管理框架的基础上，此框架为SOA生命周期的四个阶段建立了权限、角色、控制等链条。

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The worst hit businesses are those with extended supply chains, short life cycle products or high cost, lightweight goods such as electronics and pharmaceuticals.

其中影响最深的行业，当属供应链扩张，提供生命周期短或高价、轻量产品的企业，如电子及制药行业。

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3d-printed manufacturing could also change the product life cycle by shortening global supply chains, reducing the amount of fuel that's consumed to ship products from place to place.

3d打印制造也可以通过缩短全球供应链，减少燃料的消耗真实船舶产品从地方到另一个地方的量改变产品的生命周期。

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