Few such comparative effectiveness studies of DCIS, however, have been performed with detailed information on clinical and treatment attributes.

但很少有基于临床和治疗属性的详细信息而进行DCIS的比较效应研究。

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When it comes to health care, however, comparative-effectiveness studies for new drugs, devices and procedures are rare.

但是就健康产业而言，对新药、新设备、新方法的比较收益研究却很少见。

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Context Policy makers and physician organizations have recently called for more comparative effectiveness (ce) research, yet little is known about existing ce studies.

决策者和医师组织最近提倡更多的疗效比较(CE)研究，关于CE研究现状的资料非常少。

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Thus, comparative effectiveness studies can be useful, at times both improving patient care and reducing medical costs.

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Biopharmaceutical companies have been building such comparative effectiveness studies in their clinical development programs for the past decade.

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This gap in knowledge is what comparative effectiveness studies are intended to address.

FORBES: Medicine's Drip of Uncertainty