For administrative act and civil action common infringement case, the current law have no explicit provision still, causing the blind in judicial practice.

对于行政行为与民事行为共同侵权案件的审理，现行立法尚无明确规定，导致司法实践中的争议和盲点。

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The derivative action was first developed as an equity remedy in common law system, but civil law countries have also adopted it.

派生诉讼最初是来源于英美衡平法上的救济措施，后被大陆法系各国引起。

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The writ system stipulated the form of action, which formed the principle of procedures preceding right in the common law.

令状对诉讼形式的规定使普通法形成了程序先于权利原则，并使英国法在司法审判中通过判例得以积累。

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In April, John Taylor, top international man in the Treasury, proposed a souped-up version of the collective-action clauses that are common in bonds issued under English law.

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Because the discussion regarding materiality in a federal securities fraud action are also applicable in the main to fraud claims alleged under the common law, the state blue sky laws, or other anti-fraud federal and state statutes, the discussion of materiality will not treat the latter separately.

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Six courts of appeal have ruled that a private right of action exists, while three have ruled such a right cannot be found in common law.

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