Brokers were paid a fixed minimum commission on shares and gilts, which ripped off big clients, and jobbers lacked the capital to deal in big amounts.

股票经纪人的手续费是固定的，这使得大客户深为不满，而做市商缺乏资本经营大宗业务。

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The European Commission had brought the case on the grounds that such shares were a restriction on the free movement of capital within the European Union.

ECONOMIST: Privatisation in Europe