This paper presents the engine emissions at different intake temperature, heating methods and volume of accumulators during the cold start.

研究了不同进气温度、加热方式和蓄热箱容积对发动机冷起动排放的影响规律。

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Studies have shown that a cold start engine wear and tear caused by the normal running of the vehicle is equivalent to 200 km, 60% of engine wear is caused due to the cold start.

研究表明一次冷启动带来的发动机磨损相当于车辆正常行驶200公里，发动机磨损的60%是由于冷启动造成的。

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It can be difficult to start in cold weather if you don't have an engine primer.

如果没有手动注油泵的话，在冷天气下发动机很难开车。

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Because hydrogen can clean the exhaust right from a cold engine start, the plasma reformer method is 20% to 50% more efficient at reducing NOx than other clean-diesel technologies, allowing less unburned fuel to pass through in the process.

FORBES: Clearing the Air

It's always tougher to jump start a cold engine.

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By enabling increased power at low temperatures, Nanophosphate EXT is expected to substantially improve the cold-cranking capabilities of A123's lithium ion 12V Engine Start battery.

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