The traditional telephony system or IP network is depicted as a silo structure, which is comprised of proprietary black box solutions closely coupled with network Equipment Providers (NEP) hardware.

传统的电话系统或ip网络描述为竖井(silo)结构，由与网络设备提供商(Net work Equipment Providers, NEP)硬件紧密偶合的专用黑盒解决方案组成。

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Many WinForms controls are closely coupled to the underlying Windows environment. For example, the WinForms DataGrid control has integration with SQL Server data sources.

许多WinForms组件与Windows底层的运行环境有着紧密的联系，举个例子来说，WinForms的DataGrid控件与SQL Server的数据源具有一定的集成关系。

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Currently, business rules are closely coupled with the main code, necessitating the need for care while making changes and also increasing testing requirements.

目前，业务规则与主代码紧密耦合，使得在做出更改时必须小心谨慎，同时还增加了测试需求。

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Climate change effects on groundwater resources are, therefore, closely linked to other global change drivers, including population growth, urbanization and land-use change, coupled with other socio-economic and political trends.

UNESCO: Climate Change Effects on Groundwater Resources: A Global Synthesis of Findings and Recommendations | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization