The Harvard study falls short of the research 'gold standard', however, because the women reported their aspirin use in questionnaires, rather than going through a controlled clinical trial.

然而，哈佛的这项研究并不符合研究的“黄金标准”，因为妇女是以调查问卷的方式报告她们阿司匹林的服用情况，而不是通过一个可控制的临床试验。

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Two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), one before-and-after study and two retrospective reports on clinical efficacy and safety were retrieved, together with 18 pharmacokinetic studies.

检索到与临床功效和安全性相关的两个随机对照试验(rct)、一个前后对照研究、两个回顾性报告，以及18个药物动力学研究。

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Study Design. A simple blind, random controlled clinical trial.

研究目的：单盲，随机对照临床试验。

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Packer says this is the first placebo-controlled study in acute heart failure to show a clinical benefit.

FORBES: Open Questions For Heart Failure Drugs

For one, the groups noted the analysis is a retrospective study, not a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial, which many regard as a gold standard for ferreting out safety concerns.

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