“Unwillingness to give help to others, unless there is some special reason for doing so, is a trait that runs through Chinese social relations in multifold manifestations,” he wrote.

“中国人不愿意帮助别人，除非有一些特殊原因要求他们这样做。这是中国的社会关系使然，这是在多方面的表现的特征，”他写道。

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"Unwillingness to give help to others, unless there is some special reason for doing so, is a trait that runs through Chinese social relations in multifold manifestations," he wrote.

除非有特别的原因，中国人是不愿意帮助他人的。这在中国社会关系中有极其充分的体现。

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The Chinese ideographic characters have close relations with the social culture.

汉字的表意性使得文字与社会文化有紧密联系。

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