The thesis analyses scale, structure and change of material flow in EU economic system from the year 1970 to 2004.

本章在总体和具体两个层次上对1970-2004年欧盟经济系统的物质流进行分析。

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The change in energy consumption is decomposed into the intensity effect, the structural effect and the activity effect which comes from the scale of economic activity.

能源消费量的变动分解为三种效应：由于整体经济的增长带来的经济规模效应、产业结构变动带来的结构效应和技术进步的效率效应。

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If economic incentives facing producers and consumers do not change with higher incomes, pollution will continue to grow unabated with the growing scale of economic activity.

ECONOMIST: Local difficulties